But that is because of the similarity of the ancient English word orc, 'evil spirit or bogey', to the Elvish words. Tolkien also observed a similarity with the Latin word orcus, noting that "the word used in translation of Q urko, S orch is Orc. This is supposed not to be connected with modern English orc, ork, a name applied to various sea-beasts of the dolphin order". I originally took the word from Old English orc ( Beowulf 112 orc-neas and the gloss orc: þyrs ('ogre'), heldeofol ('hell-devil')). He explained that his "orc" was "derived from Old English orc 'demon', but only because of its phonetic suitability", and Tolkien stated in a letter to the novelist Naomi Mitchison that his orcs had been influenced by George MacDonald's The Princess and the Goblin. They had similar names in other Middle-earth languages: uruk in Black Speech in the language of the Drúedain gorgûn, "ork-folk" in Khuzdul rukhs, plural rakhâs and in the language of Rohan and in the Common Speech, orka. He stated that the Elvish words for orc were derived from a root ruku, "fear, horror" in Quenya, orco, plural orkor in Sindarin orch, plurals yrch and Orchoth (as a class). He sometimes used the plural form orqui in his early texts. His earliest Elvish dictionaries include the entry Ork (orq-) "monster", "ogre", "demon", together with orqindi and "ogresse". Tolkien began the more modern use of the English term "orc" to denote a race of evil, humanoid creatures. The "orc-" element occurs in the sword name Orcrist, which is given as its Elvish language name, and glossed as "Goblin-cleaver". "Orc" was later used ubiquitously in The Lord of the Rings. The term "orc" is used only once in the first edition of Tolkien's 1937 The Hobbit, which preferred the term "goblins". Illustration "The goblins fell back a little when he began, and made horrible grimaces" by Jessie Willcox Smith, 1920 Tolkien Tolkien wrote that his orcs were influenced by the goblins in George MacDonald's 1872 The Princess and the Goblin. Hence orc-neas may have been some sort of walking dead monster, a product of ancient necromancy, or a zombie-like creature. If *orcné is to be glossed as orcus 'corpse', then the compound word can be construed as "demon-corpses", or "corpse from Orcus (i.e. It is generally supposed to contain an element -né, cognate to Gothic naus and Old Norse nár, both meaning 'corpse'. orcus "the underworld" + neas "corpses", to which the translation "evil spirits" failed to do justice. Frederick Klaeber suggested it consisted of orc < L. Tolkien's concept of orcs has been adapted into the fantasy fiction of other authors, and into games of many different genres such as Dungeons & Dragons, Magic: The Gathering, and Warcraft.īeowulf 's eotenas ond ylfe ond orcneas, "ogres and elves and demon-corpses", inspiring Tolkien to create orcs and other races Tolkien adopted the term orc from these old attestations, which he professed was a choice made purely for "phonetic suitability" reasons. orc-néas, "demon-corpses") was a race of corrupted beings and descendants of Cain, alongside the elf, according to the poem Beowulf. The orc was a sort of "hell-devil" in Old English literature, and the orc-né (pl. They are a corrupted race of elves, either bred that way by the Dark Lord Morgoth, or turned savage in that manner, according to the Silmarillion. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy fiction, is a race of humanoid monsters, which he also calls " goblin".Įspecially in Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, orcs appear as a brutish, aggressive, ugly, and malevolent race of monsters, contrasting with the benevolent Elves. For specific characters and other uses, see Orc (disambiguation) and Ork (disambiguation).Īn orc (sometimes spelt ork / ɔːr k/ ), in J. Four-poster or bunk e.g.This article is about the fictional humanoid monster.Letters that mean Mayday! crossword clue._ Mellark (Hunger Games character) crossword clue.Alexander and Mischa _ tennis-playing siblings who have won a Mexican Open as a pair crossword clue.Alumni Memorial Hall's building in Michigan: Abbr.When doubled a Gabor sister crossword clue.Mustache Hat artist Jean _ crossword clue.Antonym's opposite for short crossword clue._ Room (2019 horror film) crossword clue.Wayne and Cara _ tennis-playing siblings who have won Wimbledon as a pair crossword clue.The Addams Family actress Christina _ crossword clue.Arya Stark's father in Game of Thrones crossword clue.
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